HomeMy WebLinkAbout11-532 Simpson
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
June 21, 2011
Shana J. Simpson
13679 Highland Road
Clarksville, MD 21029
11-532
Dear Ms. Simpson:
This responds to your letter dated April 29, 2011, by which you requested an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue:
Whether, in your former capacity as a Manager of Accounting & Financial
Reporting with the County of Berks (“County”), you would be considered a “public
employee” subject to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics Act”), 65
Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission, 51 Pa.
Code § 11.1 et seq., and particularly, the requirements for filing Statements of Financial
Interests.
Facts:
You seek a determination as to whether, in your former capacity as a
Manager of Accounting & Financial Reporting with the County, you would be considered
a “public employee” subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission, and in particular, whether you would be required to file Statements of
Financial Interests pursuant to the Ethics Act.
You state that you are no longer employed with the County. You have submitted
a copy of a County position description for the position of Manager of Accounting &
Financial Reporting, which document is incorporated herein by reference. Although the
aforesaid position description is not signed by you or anyone with the County, you state
that the position description appears to be accurate with the exception of the number of
positions supervised and the total operating budget/oversight responsibility.
The County position description for the position of Manager of Accounting &
Financial Reporting provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
POSITION SUMMARY:
Determines and implements the accounting necessary to properly present
the financial condition of the County. Makes complex and technical
decisions for the County of Berks by classifying, analyzing, and reporting
financial data using generally accepted accounting principles, which
include the pronouncements of the Governmental Accounting Standards
Board (GASB), the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), and
Simpson, 11-532
June 21, 2011
Page 2
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability Access Act). May work with
confidential and HIPAA restricted information.
POSITION RESPONSIBILITIES:
Essential Functions:
1. Maintains accurate, complex and technical accounting
records, and prepares the County’s monthly financial
statements. Executes the monthly closing schedule to close
the General Ledger for preparation of the financial
statements.
2. Acts as the Financial Team Lead during ERP system
implementations to coordinate the activities of the General
Ledger, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable and Grants
Receivable modules.
3. Supervises Departmental Fiscal Officers regarding the
coordination of a monthly fifteen (15) day close of the
County’s General Ledger. Evaluates job performance and
aptitude of Departmental Fiscal Officers and makes
appropriate recommendations to the applicable Department
Head.
4. Reviews post-implementation systems procedures for re-
design and re-engineering to achieve maximum efficiency of
effort, and develop financial reporting to utilize redesigned
procedures.
5. Develops and prepares the financial reporting schedules for
the independent auditors and for the Comprehensive Annual
Financial Report for the County.
6. Provides on-going reviews of the records on all bond issues
to ensure that the financial records of the County are
properly stated. Ensures that all funds are properly
accounted for, and that all necessary documentation is in
place.
7. Provides on-going accounting services to the Retirement
Fund and the Retirement Fund Board, ensuring that complex
financial transactions are properly handled, and that the
Board is fully informed of the financial condition of the Fund.
. . . .
County of Berks Position Description, Manager of Accounting & Financial Reporting, at
1-2.
You state that in your former capacity as a Manager of Accounting & Financial
Reporting with the County, you were not responsible for taking or recommending official
action of a nonministerial nature that would bring you within the definition of “public
employee” as set forth in the Ethics Act. You state that any decisions that you made
pertained to reporting activity which had already taken place and that such decisions in
no way impacted how money was spent or from whom goods or services were
obtained. You state that any involvement that you had with grants was limited to
reporting activity which was managed and administered by others. You further state
Simpson, 11-532
June 21, 2011
Page 3
that you did not approve expenditures or have any impact upon how grant funds or any
other funds were used.
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11)
of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
The Ethics Act defines the term “public employee” as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Public employee."
Any individual employed by the
Commonwealth or a political subdivision who is responsible
for taking or recommending official action of a nonministerial
nature with regard to:
(1) contracting or procurement;
(2) administering or monitoring grants or subsidies;
(3) planning or zoning;
(4) inspecting, licensing, regulating or auditing any
person; or
(5) any other activity where the official action has an
economic impact of greater than a de minimis nature
on the interests of any person.
The term shall not include individuals who are employed by
this Commonwealth or any political subdivision thereof in
teaching as distinguished from administrative duties.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The Regulations of the State Ethics Commission similarly define the term “public
employee” and set forth the following additional criteria:
(ii) The following criteria will be used, in part, to
determine whether an individual is within the definition of
"public employe":
(A) The individual normally performs his responsibility
in the field without onsite supervision.
(B) The individual is the immediate supervisor of a
person who normally performs his responsibility in the field
without onsite supervision.
(C) The individual is the supervisor of a highest level
field office.
Simpson, 11-532
June 21, 2011
Page 4
(D) The individual has the authority to make final
decisions.
(E) The individual has the authority to forward or
stop recommendations from being sent to the person or
body with the authority to make final decisions.
(F) The individual prepares or supervises the
preparation of final recommendations.
(G) The individual makes final technical recommen-
dations.
(H) The individual's recommendations or actions are
an inherent and recurring part of his position.
(I) The individual's recommendations or actions
affect organizations other than his own organization.
(iii) The term does not include individuals who are
employed by the Commonwealth or a political subdivision of
the Commonwealth in teaching as distinguished from
administrative duties.
(iv) Persons in the following positions are generally
considered public employes:
(A) Executive and special directors or assistants
reporting directly to the agency head or governing body.
(B) Commonwealth bureau directors, division chiefs
or heads of equivalent organization elements and other
governmental body department heads.
(C) Staff attorneys engaged in representing the
department, agency or other governmental bodies.
(D) Engineers, managers and secretary-treasurers
acting as managers, police chiefs, chief clerks, chief purchasing
agents, grant and contract managers, administrative officers,
housing and building inspectors, investigators, auditors, sewer
enforcement officers and zoning officers in all governmental
bodies.
(E) Court administrators, assistants for fiscal affairs
and deputies for the minor judiciary.
(F) School superintendents, assistant superintendents,
school business managers and principals.
(G) Persons who report directly to heads of
executive, legislative and independent agencies, boards and
commissions except clerical personnel.
(v) Persons in the following positions are generally
not considered public employes:
Simpson, 11-532
June 21, 2011
Page 5
(A) City clerks, other clerical staff, road masters,
secretaries, police officers, maintenance workers, construction
workers, equipment operators and recreation directors.
(B) Law clerks, court criers, court reporters, probation
officers, security guards and writ servers.
(C) School teachers and clerks of the schools.
51 Pa. Code § 11.1.
Status as a "public employee" subject to the Ethics Act is determined by an
objective test. The objective test applies the Ethics Act’s definition of the term “public
employee” and the related regulatory criteria to the powers and duties of the position
itself. Typically, the powers and duties of the position are established by objective
sources that define the position, such as the job description, job classification
specifications, and organizational chart. The objective test considers what an individual
has the authority to do in a given position based upon these objective sources, rather
than the variable functions that the individual may actually perform in the position. See,
Phillips v. State Ethics Commission, 470 A.2d 659 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1984); Eiben, Opinion
04-002;Shienvold, Opinion 04-001; Shearer, Opinion 03-011. The Commonwealth Court
of Pennsylvania has specifically considered and approved this Commission’s objective
test and has directed that coverage under the Ethics Act be construed broadly and that
exclusions under the Ethics Act be construed narrowly. See, Quaglia v. State Ethics
Commission, 986 A.2d 974 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010), amended by, 2010 Pa. Commw. LEXIS
8 (Pa. Cmwlth. January 5, 2010), allocatur denied, 4 A.3d 1056 (Pa. 2010); Phillips,
supra.
The first portion of the statutory definition of “public employee” includes
individuals with authority to take or recommend official action of a nonministerial nature.
65 Pa.C.S . § 1102. Likewise, the regulatory criteria for determining status as a public
employee, as set forth in 51 Pa. Code § 11.1(“public employee”)(ii), include not only
individuals with authority to make final decisions but also individuals with authority to
forward or stop recommendations from being sent to final decision-makers; individuals
who prepare or supervise the preparation of final recommendations; individuals who
make final technical recommendations; and individuals whose recommendations are an
inherent and recurring part of their positions. See, e.g., Reese/Gilliland, Opinion 05-
005.
In applying the objective test in the instant matter, the necessary conclusion is
that, in your former capacity as a Manager of Accounting & Financial Reporting with the
County, you would be considered a “public employee” subject to the Ethics Act and the
Regulations of the State Ethics Commission.
As a Manager of Accounting & Financial Reporting with the County, you had the
ability to take or recommend official action of a nonministerial nature with respect to
subparagraph (5) within the definition of “public employee” as set forth in the Ethics Act,
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102. Specifically, the following duties and authority set forth in the
County position description would be sufficient to establish that you were a “public
employee” subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act:
?
Making complex and technical decisions for the County by classifying,
analyzing, and reporting financial data;
?
Acting as the Financial Team Lead during ERP system implementations to
coordinate the activities of the General Ledger, Accounts Payable, Accounts
Receivable and Grants Receivable modules;
Simpson, 11-532
June 21, 2011
Page 6
?
Evaluating the job performance and aptitude of Departmental Fiscal Officers
and making appropriate recommendations to the applicable Department
Head;
?
Reviewing post-implementation systems procedures for re-design and re-
engineering to achieve maximum efficiency of effort;
?
Providing on-going reviews of the records on all bond issues to ensure that
the financial records of the County are properly stated;
?
Ensuring that all funds are properly accounted for, and that all necessary
documentation is in place; and
?
Providing on-going accounting services to the Retirement Fund and the
Retirement Fund Board, ensuring that complex financial transactions are
properly handled and that the Board is fully informed of the financial condition
of the Retirement Fund.
Having determined that as a Manager of Accounting & Financial Reporting with
the County, you would be considered a public employee subject to the Ethics Act and
the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission, it necessarily follows that you would be
required to file Statements of Financial Interests pursuant to the Ethics Act. The Ethics
Act requires that a public employee file a Statement of Financial Interests by May 1
each year that he holds the public position and the year after he leaves it.
Conclusion:
In your former capacity as a Manager of Accounting & Financial
Reporting with the County of Berks, you would be considered a “public employee”
subject to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics Act”), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101
et seq., and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission, 51 Pa. Code § 11.1 et
seq., and you would be required to file Statements of Financial Interests pursuant to the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel