HomeMy WebLinkAbout10-624 HOY
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
November 15, 2010
Michael W. Hoy, Township Manager
South Fayette Township
515 Millers Run Road
Morgan, PA 15064
10-624
Dear Mr. Hoy:
This responds to your letter dated September 17, 2010 (postmarked October 12,
2010, and received October 14, 2010), by which you requested an advisory from the
Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue:
Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics Act”), 65
Pa.C.S. §1101 et seq., would impose any prohibitions or restrictions upon a township
commissioner, who in her private capacity as an employee of a consulting firm provides
accounting services to a natural gas midstream gatherer and processor, as to
participating in discussions or votes by the township board of commissioners regarding
a proposed township ordinance that would regulate oil and gas drilling within the
township.
Facts:
You are the Township Manager for South Fayette Township (“Township”),
located in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. You have been authorized by Township
Commissioner Susan Caffrey (“Ms. Caffrey”) to request an advisory from the
Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission on her behalf, based upon submitted facts that
may be fairly summarized as follows.
In a private capacity, Ms. Caffrey is an hourly, at-will employee of a consulting
firm named “Tri County Contracting” (“TCC”). In the aforesaid capacity, Ms. Caffrey is
currently providing accounting services on a full-time basis to a natural gas midstream
gatherer and processor named “MarkWest Liberty Midstream and Resources”
(“MarkWest Liberty”). MarkWest Liberty is based in Atlasburg, Pennsylvania, and
Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. Ms. Caffrey’s work for MarkWest Liberty is administrative
in nature, and she has no decision-making authority or involvement in strategic
planning. Before Ms. Caffrey became employed with TCC, she was employed directly
with MarkWest Liberty as a part-time accountant from approximately September 2009 to
January 2010.
MarkWest Liberty builds pipeline gathering systems to collect natural gas from
wells brought online and transmit such gas to a processing plant located in Houston,
Pennsylvania. MarkWest Liberty is not in the business of drilling natural gas wells.
Hoy, 10-624
November 15, 2010
Page 2
The Township is currently considering the adoption of an ordinance that would
modify the current Township zoning ordinance to establish rules and regulations
regarding oil and gas drilling within the Township.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you seek guidance as to whether the
Ethics Act would impose any restrictions upon Ms. Caffrey as to participating in any
discussions or votes by the Township Board of Commissioners regarding a proposed
Township ordinance that would regulate oil and gas drilling within the Township.
Discussion:
It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As a Township Commissioner, Ms. Caffrey is a public official as that term is
defined in the Ethics Act, and therefore Ms. Caffrey is subject to the provisions of the
Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a)Conflict of interest.--
No public official or
public employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a
conflict of interest.
(j)Voting conflict.--
Where voting conflicts are
not otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania
or by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the
following procedure shall be employed. Any public official or
public employee who in the discharge of his official duties
would be required to vote on a matter that would result in a
conflict of interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the
vote being taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature
of his interest as a public record in a written memorandum
filed with the person responsible for recording the minutes of
the meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that
whenever a governing body would be unable to take any
action on a matter before it because the number of members
of the body required to abstain from voting under the
provisions of this section makes the majority or other legally
required vote of approval unattainable, then such members
shall be permitted to vote if disclosures are made as
otherwise provided herein. In the case of a three-member
governing body of a political subdivision, where one member
has abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest
and the remaining two members of the governing body have
cast opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall
be permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is
made as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
Hoy, 10-624
November 15, 2010
Page 3
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest."
Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment."
The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family."
A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
"Business."
Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self-employed individual, holding company,
joint stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated."
Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official/public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office/employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official/public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting, but extends to any
use of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others,
and lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, a public official/public employee would
be required to abstain from participation, which would include voting unless one of the
statutory exceptions of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would be applicable.
Additionally, the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would have
to be satisfied in the event of a voting conflict.
Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide:
Hoy, 10-624
November 15, 2010
Page 4
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(b) Seeking improper influence.--
No person
shall offer or give to a public official, public employee or
nominee or candidate for public office or a member of his
immediate family or a business with which he is associated,
anything of monetary value, including a gift, loan, political
contribution, reward or promise of future employment based
on the offeror's or donor's understanding that the vote,
official action or judgment of the public official or public
employee or nominee or candidate for public office would be
influenced thereby.
(c) Accepting improper influence.--
No public
official, public employee or nominee or candidate for public
office shall solicit or accept anything of monetary value,
including a gift, loan, political contribution, reward or promise
of future employment, based on any understanding of that
public official, public employee or nominee that the vote,
official action or judgment of the public official or public
employee or nominee or candidate for public office would be
influenced thereby.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(b), (c).
It is noted that Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act does not prohibit public
officials/public employees from having outside business activities or employment;
however, the public official/public employee may not use the authority of his public
position--or confidential information obtained by being in that position--for the
advancement of his own private pecuniary benefit or that of a business with which he is
associated. Pancoe, Opinion 89-011. Examples of conduct that would be prohibited
under Section 1103(a) would include: (1) the pursuit of a private business opportunity in
the course of public action, Metrick, Order 1037; (2) the use of governmental facilities,
such as governmental telephones, postage, equipment, research materials, or other
property, or the use of governmental personnel, to conduct private business activities,
Freind, Order 800; Pancoe, supra; and (3) the participation in an official capacity as to
matters involving the business with which the public official/public employee is
associated in his private capacity or private client(s). Miller, Opinion 89-024;
Kannebecker, Opinion 92-010. A reasonable and legitimate expectation that a business
relationship will form may also support a finding of a conflict of interest. Amato, Opinion
89-002.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are
advised that TCC is a business with which Ms. Caffrey is associated in her capacity as
an employee. Subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of “conflict” or “conflict
of interest” as set forth in the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, pursuant to Section
1103(a) of the Ethics Act, Ms. Caffrey would have a conflict of interest in matters before
the Township Board of Commissioners that would financially impact her, TCC, or TCC’s
customer(s)/client(s), including but not limited to MarkWest Liberty. See, Kannebecker,
supra; Miller, supra.
In response to your specific question, you are advised as follows. Subject to the
conditions that: (1) there would be no improper influence as prohibited by Sections
1103(b)-(c) of the Ethics Act; and (2) there would be no basis for a conflict of interest
such as a private pecuniary benefit to Ms. Caffrey, a member of her immediate family, a
business with which she or a member of her immediate family is associated (including
but not limited to TCC), or customer(s)/client(s) of a business with which she or a
Hoy, 10-624
November 15, 2010
Page 5
member of her immediate family is associated (including but not limited to MarkWest
Liberty), the Ethics Act would not prohibit Ms. Caffrey from participating in discussions
or votes by the Township Board of Commissioners regarding a proposed Township
ordinance that would regulate oil and gas drilling within the Township.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of
the First Class Township Code.
Conclusion:
As a Commissioner for South Fayette Township (“Township”),
located in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Susan Caffrey (“Ms. Caffrey”) is a public
official subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act (“Ethics
Act”), 65 Pa.C.S. §1101 et seq. Based upon the submitted facts that: (1) in a private
capacity, Ms. Caffrey is an hourly, at-will employee of a consulting firm named “Tri
County Contracting” (“TCC”); (2) in the aforesaid capacity, Ms. Caffrey is currently
providing accounting services on a full-time basis to a natural gas midstream gatherer
and processor named “MarkWest Liberty Midstream and Resources” (“MarkWest
Liberty”); (3) MarkWest Liberty builds pipeline gathering systems to collect natural gas
from wells brought online and transmit such gas to a processing plant located in
Houston, Pennsylvania; (4) MarkWest Liberty is not in the business of drilling natural
gas wells; and (5) the Township is currently considering the adoption of an ordinance
that would modify the current Township zoning ordinance to establish rules and
regulations regarding oil and gas drilling within the Township, you are advised as
follows.
TCC is a business with which Ms. Caffrey is associated in her capacity as an
employee. Subject to the statutory exclusions to the definition of “conflict” or “conflict of
interest” as set forth in the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102, pursuant to Section 1103(a)
of the Ethics Act, Ms. Caffrey would have a conflict of interest in matters before the
Township Board of Commissioners that would financially impact her, TCC, or TCC’s
customer(s)/client(s), including but not limited to MarkWest Liberty. Subject to the
conditions that: (1) there would be no improper influence as prohibited by Sections
1103(b)-(c) of the Ethics Act; and (2) there would be no basis for a conflict of interest
such as a private pecuniary benefit to Ms. Caffrey, a member of her immediate family, a
business with which she or a member of her immediate family is associated (including
but not limited to TCC), or customer(s)/client(s) of a business with which she or a
member of her immediate family is associated (including but not limited to MarkWest
Liberty), the Ethics Act would not prohibit Ms. Caffrey from participating in discussions
or votes by the Township Board of Commissioners regarding a proposed Township
ordinance that would regulate oil and gas drilling within the Township. Lastly, the
propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Hoy, 10-624
November 15, 2010
Page 6
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code §13.2(h). The appeal may be received
at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery
service, or by FAX transmission (717-787-0806). Failure to file such
an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the
dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel