HomeMy WebLinkAbout09-566 ConfidentialADVICE OF COUNSEL
July 21, 2009
09 -566
This responds to your letter dated June 5, 2009, and your faxed transmission
received June 10, 2009, by which you requested a confidential advisory from the
Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., would present any prohibitions or restrictions upon you as a
County A ( "County ") Council Member with regard to participating in matters before
County Council pertainin g to bond issues for construction /renovation costs for two
County projects, where a [type of firm] with which you are employed might bid on the
construction /renovation proposals for such County projects.
Facts: In your capacity as a County Council Member, you request an advisory
from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission based upon submitted facts that may
be fairly summarized as follows.
You first note that two prior confidential advisories were issued to you by the
State Ethics Commission.
It is administratively noted that Confidential Advice, [number] was issued to you
based upon facts set forth in an advisory request letter dated [date]. Confidential
Advice, [number] concluded that you would have a conflict of interest as to the County's
approval of financing for a project where a [type of firm] for which you were a contracted
consultant, specifically, Firm B, intended to bid on the project, and you stood to
financially benefit if that firm would be awarded the contract.
It is further administratively noted that Confidential Advice, [number] was issued
to you based upon facts set forth in an advisory request letter dated [date]. In said
letter, you stated that the particulars of your then - current situation were the same as
those addressed in Confidential Advice, [number], except that the matter before County
Council was a proposed bond issue for a C Authority project. Based upon the
submitted facts that: (1) you had an ongoing business relationship with Firm B as a
contracted consultant for that firm; (2) County Council was considering a proposed bond
issue for the project; and (3) if and when the issue was totally approved, Firm B might
bid on the construction proposal for the project, Confidential Advice, [number]
concluded that you would have a conflict of interest in your capacity as a County
Council Member as to matter(s) pertaining to the proposed bond issue for the project.
Confidential Advice, 09 -566
July 21, 2009
Page 2
With respect to your current advisory request, you state that you are no longer a
consultant for Firm B, but you remain employed with Firm B. You state that the County
is proposing bond issues for construction /renovation costs for projects (hereinafter
referred to as the Projects ") involving a D and the E. You further state that Firm B
might bid on the construction /renovation proposals for the Projects.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you ask whether you would have a
conflict of interest in matters pertaining to the bond issues for the Projects, given that
Firm B might bid on the construction /renovation proposals for the Projects.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As a County Council Member, you are a public official subject to the provisions of
the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
Confidential Advice, 09 -566
July 21, 2009
Page 3
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Business." Any corporation, partnership, sole
proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association,
organization, self - employed individual, holding company,
joint stock company, receivership, trust or any legal entity
organized for profit.
"Business with which he is associated." Any
business in which the person or a member of the person's
immediate family is a director, officer, owner, employee or
has a financial interest.
65 Pa. C. S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official /public employee himself, a member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, the public official /public employee would
be required to abstain fully from participation. The abstention requirement would not be
limited merely to voting, but would extend to any use of authority of office, including, but
not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying for a particular result.
Juliante, Order 809.
Subject to certain statutory exceptions, in each instance of a voting conflict,
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act requires the public official /public employee to abstain
and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the minutes.
It is noted that Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act pertaining to conflicts of interests
does not prohibit public officials /public employees from having outside business
activities or employment; however, the public official /public employee may not use the
authority of his public position - -or confidential information obtained by loeing in that
position - -for the advancement of his own private pecuniary benefit or that of a business
Confidential Advice, 09 -566
July 21, 2009
Page 4
with which he is associated. Pancoe, Opinion 89 -011. Examples of conduct that would
be prohibited under Section 1103(a) would include: (1) the pursuit of a private business
opportunity in the course of public action, Metrick, Order 1037; (2) the use of
governmental facilities, such as governmental telephones, postage, staff, equipment,
research materials, or other property, or the use of governmental personnel, to conduct
private business activities, Freind, Order 800; Pancoe, supra; and (3) the participation in
an official capacity as to matters involving the business with which the public
official /public employee is associated in his private capacity or private clients(s). Miller,
Opinion 89 -024; Kannebecker, Opinion 92 -010.
If a business with which the public official /public employee or immediate family
member is associated or a private customer /client would have a matter pending before
the governmental body, the public official /public employee generally would have a
conflict of interest as to such matter. Kannebecker, supra; Miller, supra. A reasonable
and legitimate expectation that a business relationship will form may also support a
finding of a conflict of interest. Amato, Opinion 89 -002. In each instance of a conflict of
interest, the public official /public employee would be required to abstain fully from
participation and in the instance of a voting conflict, to abstain and satisfy the disclosure
requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to your inquiry, you are advised
as follows. Based upon the submitted facts that: (1) you are employed with Firm B; (2)
County Council is considering proposed bond issues for the Projects; and (3) Firm B
might bid on the construction /renovation proposals for the Projects, you would have a
conflict of interest in your capacity as a County Council Member as to matter(s)
pertaining to proposed bond issue(s) for the Projects.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required to abstain fully
from participation. The abstention requirement would extend beyond voting to include
any use of authority of office. In each instance of a voting conflict, you would be
required to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both
orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the
minutes.
The ropriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of the F.
Conclusion: As a County Council Member for County A ( "County "), you are a
public official subject to the provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act
( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Based upon the submitted facts that: (1) you
are employed with the [type of firm] of Firm B; (2) County Council is considering
proposed bond issues for construction /renovation costs for projects (hereinafter referred
to as the Projects ") involving a D and the E; and (3) Firm B might bid on the
construction /renovation proposals for the Projects, you would have a conflict of interest
in your capacity as a County Council Member as to matter(s) pertaining to proposed
bond issue(s) for the Projects. In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be
required to abstain fully from participation. The abstention requirement would extend
beyond voting to include any use of authority of office. In each instance of a voting
conflict, you would be required to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and
reasons for same, both orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the
person recording the minutes. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only
been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
Confidential Advice, 09 -566
July 21, 2009
Page 5
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code 13.2(h). The appeal may be received
at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail, delivery
service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to file such
an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may result in the
dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel