HomeMy WebLinkAbout09-521 McWreathKenneth L. Baker, Esquire
Peacock Keller & Ecker, LLP
70 East Beau Street
Washington, PA 15301
Dear Mr. Baker:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 18, 2009
09 -521
This responds to your letters dated January 21, 2009, and January 30, 2009, by
which you requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether a Member of the Board of Directors of the Citizens Library
Association of Washington, Pennsylvania, would be considered a "public official" subject
to the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq.,
and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission, and particularly, the requirements
for filing Statements of Financial Interests.
Facts: As the legal representative of the Citizens Library Association of
Washington, Pennsylvania (hereinafter referred to as the Citizens Library "), you have
been authorized by various Members of the Board of Directors ( "the Board ") of the
Citizens Library, including Dennis McWreath ( "Mr. McWreath"), to request an advisory
from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission on their behalf. You have submitted
facts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
You state that the Citizens Library is unusual because it was not established by
municipalities and it is not part of a municipality. Rather, the Citizens Library was
founded in 1870 as a non - profit corporation approved by the Court of Common Pleas of
Washington County, Pennsylvania.
Pursuant to the Citizens Library's Articles of Incorporation and By -laws, Members
of the Board are appointed by: Washington School District, Trinity Area School District,
and McGuffey School District (collectively, the School Districts "); the City of
Washington, South Strabane Township, North Franklin Township, Canton Township,
and Amwell Township ( "collectively, the Municipalities "); the President Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas of Washington County; and the President of Washington &
Jefferson College. You state that there is no requirement that representatives
appointed by the School Districts or the Municipalities be elected officials. You further
state that up to six current Board Members are not elected officials. Members of the
Board do not receive compensation.
The Citizens Library is funded by various sources. The School Districts, the
Municipalities, Washington County, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provide
more than fifty (50 %) of the funding for the Citizens Library. The public, trust funds
Baker, 09 -521
March 18, 2009
Page 2
established for the Citizens Library, and an endowment established by the Citizens
Library also contribute funds to the Citizens Library. You state that the Board has the
authority to expend the funds received by the Citizens Library.
Mr. McWreath is the representative of the Trinity Area School District on the
Citizens Library Board. Mr. McWreath also serves as a School Director for the Trinity
Area School District.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you ask whether the Members of the
Citizens Library Board who have authorized your inquiry would be considered "public
officials" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission,
and particularly, the requirements for filing Statements of Financial Interests.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
The Ethics Act defines the term "public official" as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Public official." Any person elected by the public or
elected or appointed by a governmental body or an
appointed official in the executive, legislative or judicial
branch of this Commonwealth or any political subdivision
thereof, provided that it shall not include members of
advisory boards that have no authority to expend public
funds other than reimbursement for personal expense or to
otherwise exercise the power of the State or any political
subdivision thereof.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The related terms "governmental body" and "political subdivision" are defined in
the Ethics Act as follows:
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
§ 1102. Definitions
"Governmental body." Any department, authority,
commission, committee, council, board, bureau, division,
service, office, officer, administration, legislative body or
other establishment in the executive, legislative or judicial
branch of a state, a nation or a political subdivision thereof or
any agency performing a governmental function.
"Political subdivision." Any county, city, borough,
incorporated town, township, school district, vocational
school, county institution district, and any authority, entity or
body organized by the aforementioned.
Baker, 09 -521
March 18, 2009
Page 3
The Regulations of the State Ethics Commission similarly define the term "public
official" and set forth additional criteria for determining when the exclusion for members
of purely advisory boards is applicable. 51 Pa. Code § 11.1.
In applying the Ethics Act's definition of the term "public official," the first portion
of the definition provides that a public official is a "person' (defined to include, inter alia,
an individual, corporation or firm) which is: (1) elected by the public; (2) elected or
appointed by a governmental body; or (3) an appointed official in the executive,
legislative or judicial branch of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or a political
subdivision of the Commonwealth. Muscalus, Opinion 02 -007. When the first portion of
the definition is met, status as a public official subject to the Ethics Act is established,
unless the exclusion for members of purely advisory boards is applicable. Eiben,
Opinion 04 -002.
The Members of the Citizens Library Board who have authorized your inquiry
clearly do not fall within either the first or third category above. As Members of the
Citizens Library Board, such individuals were not elected by the public, nor are they
appointed officials in the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Commonwealth
or a political subdivision of the Commonwealth.
The remaining category in the definition of "public official" is the category for a
person who is elected or appointed by a governmental body. Although some of the
Members of the Citizens Library Board are "appointed" by governmental bodies, the
determinative factor is whether the Citizens Library is a governmental entity as opposed
to a private entity. The mere fact that a private entity permits a governmental body or
bodies to "appoint" representatives to the private entity's board of directors does not in
and of itself transform such private entity into a governmental entity. See, e.q.,
Pauxtis, Advice 98 -537.
In the instant matter, based upon the submitted facts, you are advised that the
Citizens Library is a private entity and not a governmental entity. This conclusion is
based upon the following: (1) the Citizens Library was not established by municipalities
and is not part of a municipality; (2) the Citizens Library was founded in 1870 (prior to
the enactment of the Library Code, 24 P.S. § 4101, et seq.) as a non - profit corporation
approved by the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County, Pennsylvania; and (3)
there is no indication in the submitted facts that the status of the Citizens Library has
changed since its founding in 1870.
Accordingly, you are advised that in their capacities as Members of the Board of
the Citizens Library, Mr. McWreath and the other Members of the Board of the Citizens
Library who have authorized your inquiry are not to be considered "public officials"
subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics Commission, and
particularly, the requirements for filing Statements of Financial Interests pursuant to the
Ethics Act.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Conclusion: Based upon the submitted facts, in their capacities as Members of
the Board of Directors ( "the Board ") of the Citizens Library Association of Washington,
Pennsylvania ("the Citizens Library'), Dennis McWreath and the other Members of the
Board of the Citizens Library who have authorized your inquiry are not to be considered
"public officials" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission, and particularly, the requirements for filing Statements of Financial
Interests pursuant to the Ethics Act.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Baker, 09 -521
March 18, 2009
Page 4
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel