HomeMy WebLinkAbout09-537 RidenFrances E. Riden
P.O. Box 511
171 College Avenue
Milroy, PA 17063
Dear Ms. Riden:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
April 3, 2009
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
09 -537
This responds to your letter dated February 23, 2009, by which you requested
advice from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., would present any prohibitions or restrictions upon a township
supervisor's fiancee with regard to serving as a supervisor for the township.
Facts: Your fiance currently serves as a Supervisor for Armagh Township ( "the
Township "), located in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. You ask whether the Ethics Act
would permit you to serve as a Township Supervisor, and if so, whether you could
continue to serve in said capacity at such time as your fiance would become your
spouse.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
It is further noted that, pursuant to the same aforesaid Sections of the Ethics Act,
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), an opinion /advice may be given only as to prospective
(future) conduct. To the extent that your inquiry relates to conduct that has already
occurred, such past conduct may not be addressed in the context of an advisory
opinion. However, to the extent your inquiry relates to future conduct, your inquiry may
and shall be addressed.
Riden, 09 -537
April 3, 2009
Page 2
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa. C. S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
Riden, 09 -537
April 3, 2009
Page 3
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
65 Pa. C.S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, the public official /public employee would
be required to abstain fully from participation. The abstention requirement would not be
limited merely to voting, but would extend to any use of authority of office, including, but
not limited to, discussing, conferring with others, and lobbying for a particular result.
Juliante, Order 809.
Subject to certain statutory exceptions, in each instance of a voting conflict,
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act requires the public official /public employee to abstain
and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the minutes.
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are
advised as follows.
The Ethics Act would not prohibit you from serving as a Township Supervisor
while your fiance is serving as a Township Supervisor. Upon assuming office as a
Township Supervisor, you would become a public official subject to the provisions of the
Ethics Act, and pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you generally would have
a conflict of interest in matters that would financially impact you, a member of your
immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of your immediate family is
associated. As noted above, the term "immediate family" is defined to include a parent,
spouse, child, brother or sister. Your fiance is not a member of your immediate family.
Therefore, your relationship with your fiance in and of itself would not form the basis of a
conflict of interest for you under the Ethics Act in matters before the Township Board of
Supervisors.
You are further advised that if your fiance would become your spouse, he would
then be considered a member of your "immediate family" as that term is defined in the
Ethics Act. The Ethics Act would not prohibit you from serving as a Township
Supervisor while your spouse would be serving as a Township Supervisor. However,
pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you would then generally have a conflict
of interest in matters before the Township Board of Supervisors that would financially
impact you or your spouse.
The ropriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of the Second Class Township
Code.
Conclusion: The Ethics Act would not prohibit you from serving as a Supervisor
for Armagh Township ( "the Township "), located in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, while
your fiance is serving as a Township Supervisor. Upon assuming office as a Township
Supervisor, you would become a public official subject to the provisions of the Ethics
Act, and pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you generally would have a
conflict of interest in matters that would financially impact you, a member of your
immediate family, or a business with which you or a member of your immediate family is
associated. Your fiance is not a member of your immediate family as that term is
defined in the Ethics Act. Therefore, your relationship with your fiance in and of itself
Riden, 09 -537
April 3, 2009
Page 4
would not form the basis of a conflict of interest for you under the Ethics Act in matters
before the Township Board of Supervisors. If your fiance would become your spouse,
he would then be considered a member of your "immediate family" as that term is
defined in the Ethics Act. The Ethics Act would not prohibit you from serving as a
Township Supervisor while your spouse would be serving as a Township Supervisor.
However, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, you would then generally have
a conflict of interest in matters before the Township Board of Supervisors that would
financially impact you or your spouse. Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has
only been addressed under the Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel