HomeMy WebLinkAbout09-530 SpadeNathan T. Spade
12 Warwick Circle
Mechanicsburg, PA 17050
Dear Mr. Spade:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
March 25, 2009
09 -530
This responds to your letter dated February 6, 2009, by which you requested an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., would permit a Budget Analyst for the Republican Chairman of
the Appropriations Committee of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives ( "House ")
to seek election as a township supervisor.
Facts: You have requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics
Commission based upon submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
You are currently employed as a Budget Analyst for the Republican Chairman of
the House Appropriations Committee. You state that you intend to seek election in
2009 as a Supervisor for Silver Spring Township ( "the Township "), located in
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.
You express your view that since your current position is not classified as civil
service, you would in no way be barred from being a candidate for public office through
the electoral process.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you ask whether any legal authority
would prohibit you from going forward with your 2009 candidacy for Township
Supervisor.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
Spade, 09 -530
March 25, 2009
Page 2
Preliminarily, it is noted that the submitted facts do not include an official position
description for your position as a Budget Analyst for the Republican Chairman of the
House Appropriations Committee. This advice assumes, without deciding, that in your
capacity as a Budget Analyst for the Republican Chairman of the House Appropriations
Committee, you are a public employee subject to the Ethics Act. See, Elder, Advice 99-
626; Lucas, Advice 93 -505; Martin, Advice 90 -532.
If you would be elected as a Township Supervisor, upon assuming said position,
you would in that capacity be a public official subject to the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa. C. S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms related to Section 1103(a) are defined in the Ethics Act as
follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
Spade, 09 -530
March 25, 2009
Page 3
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting, but extends to any
use of authority of office, including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others,
and lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
Subject to certain statutory exceptions, in each instance of a voting conflict,
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act requires the public official /public employee to abstain
and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the minutes.
Having established the above general principles, you are advised as follows.
The Ethics Act would not prohibit you from seeking election as a Township
Supervisor.
As a public official or ublic employee, you generally would have a conflict of
interest under Section 1103(a of the Ethics Act in matters that would financially impact
you, a member of your imme iate family, or a business with which you or a member of
your immediate family is associated.
In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required to abstain fully
from participation. The abstention requirement would not be limited to voting, but rather
would extend to any use of authority of office. In each instance of a voting conflict, you
would be required to abstain fully and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section
1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other code of
conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not involve an
interpretation of the Ethics Act. For legal advice beyond the scope of the Ethics Act, it is
suggested that you consult with an attorney.
Conclusion: This advice assumes, without deciding, that in your capacity as a
Budget Analyst for the Republican Chairman of the Appropriations Committee of the
Pennsylvania House of Representatives, you are a public employee subject to the
Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. If you
would be elected as a Supervisor for Silver Spring Township ( "the Township "), located
in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, you would in that capacity be a public official
Spade, 09 -530
March 25, 2009
Page 4
subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act. The Ethics Act would not prohibit you from
seeking election as a Township Supervisor. As a public official or public employee, you
generally would have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in
matters that would financially impact you, a member of your immediate family, or a
business with which you or a member of your immediate family is associated. In each
instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required to abstain fully from
participation. The abstention requirement would not be limited to voting, but rather
would extend to any use of authority of office. In each instance of a voting conflict, you
would be required to abstain fully and to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section
1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel