HomeMy WebLinkAbout09-502 ArnoldTimothy Arnold
1124 School House Lane
Quakertown, PA 18951
Dear Mr. Arnold:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
January 13, 2009
09 -502
This responds to your letter dated December 8, 2008, by which you requested
advice from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., would impose any prohibitions or restrictions upon the executive
director of a municipal authority with regard to seeking election as a supervisor for the
township that appoints the members of the board of such municipal authority; and if said
individual would be elected as a township supervisor, whether the Ethics Act would
impose any prohibitions or restrictions upon him with regard to participating in the
appointment of members of such municipal authority board.
Facts: You have requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics
Commission based upon submitted facts that may be fairly summarized as follows.
You are the Executive Director of the Richland Township Water Authority
( "Authority "), located in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. You state that you are
considering seeking election as a Supervisor for Richland Township ( "Township "). The
Township Supervisors appoint the members of the Authority Board.
It is administratively noted that the Township is governed by a three - member
Board of Supervisors.
Based upon the above facts, you pose the following specific questions:
1. Whether the Ethics Act would require you to resign from your position as
the Executive Director of the Authority in order to seek election as a
Township Supervisor; and
2. If you would be elected as a Township Supervisor, whether the Ethics Act
would permit you to participate in the appointment of member(s) of the
Authority Board, and in particular, to break a tie vote as to such an
appointment.
Arnold, 09 -502
January 13, 2009
Page 2
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. It is the burden of the requester
to truthfully disclose all of the material facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§
1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a defense to the extent the requester has
truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
Preliminarily, it is noted that the submitted facts do not include an official position
description for your position as the Executive Director of the Authority. This Advice
assumes, without deciding, that in your capacity as the Executive Director of the
Authority, you are a public official /public employee subject to the provisions of the Ethics
Act.
If you would be elected as a Township Supervisor, upon assuming said position,
you would in that capacity be a public official subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms pertaining to conflicts of interest are defined in the Ethics Act
as follows:
Arnold, 09 -502
January 13, 2009
Page 3
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
65 Pa. C. S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The use of authority of office is not limited merely to voting, but extends to any
use of authority of office including, but not limited to, discussing, conferring with others,
and lobbying for a particular result. Juliante, Order 809.
Subject to certain statutory exceptions, in each instance of a voting conflict,
Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act requires the public official /public employee to abstain
and to publicly disclose the abstention and reasons for same, both orally and by filing a
written memorandum to that effect with the person recording the minutes. In the event
that the required abstention results in the inability of the governmental body to take
action because a majority is unattainable due to the abstention(s) from conflict under
the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible provided the disclosure requirements noted
above are followed. See, Pavlovic, Opinion 02 -005.
Having established the above general principles, your specific inquiries shall be
addressed.
In response to your first specific inquiry, you are advised that the Ethics Act
would not require you to resign from your position as the Executive Director of the
Authority in order to seek election as a Township Supervisor.
With regard to your second specific inquiry, you are advised as follows. If
elected as a Township Supervisor, you would generally have a conflict of interest under
Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matters pertaining to the Authority Board members- -
such as the nomination, appointment, or reappointment by the Township Board of
Supervisors of member(s) of the Authority Board -- because such individual(s) would
exercise authority over you with respect to your employment as the Authority's
Arnold, 09 -502
January 13, 2009
Page 4
Executive Director. See, Confidential Opinion, 05 -004; Elisco, Opinion 00 -003;
Woodrinq, Opinion 90 -001.
Subject to the voting conflict exceptions of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act, you
would be required to abstain fully from participation in each instance of a conflict of
interest. Because the Board of Supervisors is a three - member board, Section 1103(j) of
the Ethics Act would permit you to vote to break a tie vote of the other Supervisors
despite such a conflict, provided you would first abstain and disclose the conflict as
required by Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act. See, Pavlovic, supra.
The ropriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of the Second Class Township
Code or the Municipality Authorities Act.
Conclusion: This Advice assumes, without deciding, that in your capacity as the
Executive Director of the Richland Township Water Authority ( "Authority "), located in
Bucks County, Pennsylvania, you are a public official /public employee subject to the
provisions of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. §
1101 et seq. If you would be elected as a Supervisor for Richland Township
( "Township "), upon assuming said position, you would in that capacity be a public
official subject to the provisions of the Ethics Act. The Ethics Act would not require you
to resign from your position as the Executive Director of the Authority in order to seek
election as a Township Supervisor. If elected as a Township Supervisor, you would
generally have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act in matters
pertaining to the Authority Board members - -such as the nomination, appointment, or
reappointment by the Township Board of Supervisors of member(s) of the Authority
Board -- because such individual(s) would exercise authority over you with respect to
your employment as the Authority's Executive Director. Subject to the voting conflict
exceptions of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act, you would be required to abstain fully
from participation in each instance of a conflict of interest. Because the Board of
Supervisors is a three - member board, Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act would permit
you to vote to break a tie vote of the other Supervisors despite such a conflict rovided
you would first abstain and disclose the conflict as required by Section 1103(j) of the
Ethics Act.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
Arnold, 09 -502
January 13, 2009
Page 5
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel