HomeMy WebLinkAbout08-559 KERSTETTERTodd P. Kerstetter, Esquire
Schlesinger & Kerstetter, LLP
545 North Second Street
Shamokin, PA 17872
Dear Mr. Kerstetter:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
May 30, 2008
§ 303. PRELIMINARY PLAN PROCEDURES.
3. Action on Preliminary Plan.
B. The Planning Commission shall either approve or
disapprove the preliminary plan not later than 90 days
following the date of the regular meeting of the
Planning Commission next following the date the
application submission is filed; provided, that should
the said next regular meeting occur more than 30
days following the filing of the application, the said 90
08 -559
This responds to your letter dated April 21, 2008, by which you requested an
advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether members of a township planning commission that has the
authority to approve or disapprove preliminary subdivision and land development plans
would be considered "public employees" or "public officials" subject to the Public Official
and Employee Ethics Act (the "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq., and the
Regulations of the State Ethics Commission, and particularly, the requirements for filing
Statements of Financial Interests.
Facts: As Solicitor for Ralpho Township ( "Township ") in Northumberland County,
Pennsylvania, you have been authorized by three members ( "Members ") of the Ralpho
Township Planning Commission ( "Planning Commission ") to request an advisory from
the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission based upon submitted facts, the material
portion of which may be fairly summarized as follows.
The Planning Commission has all of the duties and responsibilities as set forth in
the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, 53 P.S. § 10101, et seq., and the
Ralpho Township Code. Such duties include coordinating and reviewing applications
for subdivision and land development plans. You have submitted a copy of Part 3 of the
Township's Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance, which provides, in part, as
follows:
Kerstetter, 08 -559
May 30, 2008
Page 2
day period shall be measured from the thirtieth day
following the date the application has been filed.
Conditional approval or disapproval of the plan by the
Planning Commission shall similarly set forth reasons
for such actions....
C. If a plan is approved subject to certain conditions, the
developer shall agree, in writing, to said conditions
within 15 days of notification of such conditional
approval or said conditional approval shall lapse and
the plan shall be considered disapproved.
G. Approval of the preliminary plan does not constitute
approval of the final plan for any purpose or reason.
§ 305. FINAL PLAN PROCEDURES.
1. Submission of a final plan for approval by the
Planning Commission shall occur not more than two
years following the date of approval of the preliminary
plan. Failure to submit the final plan within this period
of time shall make the approval of the preliminary plan
null and void unless an extension of time has been
granted by the Planning Commission prior to the end
of this period.
2. Except for any modifications or changes required by
the Planning Commission, the final plans shall
conform to the approved preliminary plan. Where, in
the opinion of the Planning Commission, there have
been modifications or changes, other than those
required by the Planning Commission, made to the
approved preliminary plan, the plan shall be submitted
again as a preliminary plan.
6. Action on Final Plan by the Planning Commission.
Action on the final plan shall be taken in the same
manner as for preliminary plans, except no conditional
approval shall be granted. Also, the Planning
Commission shall give its written recommendation for
approval or disapproval to the Board of Supervisors
within seven days of action on the final plan.
7 Action on Final Plan by the Board of Supervisors.
A. The Board of Supervisors shall either approve
or disapprove the final plan ....
Township Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance, §§ 303(3) B -C, G; 305(1) -(2),
(6) -(7) (Emphasis added).
Kerstetter, 08 -559
May 30, 2008
Page 3
You acknowledge that the Township's Subdivision and Land Development
Ordinance gives the Planning Commission the power to approve or reject preliminary
(as opposed to final) subdivision and land development plans. You state that despite
this authority, the Planning Commission typically just makes recommendations, with the
actual decision on any plan being made by the Township Board of Supervisors.
The Planning Commission Members on whose behalf you have inquired have
expressed concerns about filing Statements of Financial Interests ( "SFIs ") pursuant to
the Ethics Act. You state that the Planning Commission Members contend that they are
not pubic officials, because they consider the Planning Commission to be an advisory
body. The Planning Commission Members further contend that their compensation,
consisting of $50 per month from the Township, does not make them "public
employees" subject to the filing requirement. You state that the Planning Commission
Members would forego the $50 monthly payments if that would relieve them from any
obligation to file Statements of Financial Interests.
Based upon the above submitted facts, you ask whether the Planning
Commission Members on whose behalf you have inquired would be considered "public
employees" or "public officials" subject to the requirements for filing SFIs pursuant to the
Ethics Act.
Administrative notice is taken of the following provision of the Pennsylvania
Municipalities Planning Code:
§ 10501. Grant of power
The governing body of each municipality may regulate
subdivisions and land development within the municipality by
enacting a subdivision and land development ordinance.
The ordinance shall require that all subdivision and land
development plats of land situated within the municipality
shall be submitted for approval to the governing body or, in
lieu thereof, to a planning agency designated in the
ordinance for this purpose, in which case any planning
agency action shall be considered as action of the governing
body....
53 P.S. § 10501.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
You have asked whether the Planning Commission Members would be
considered "public employees" or "public officials' required to file SFIs pursuant to the
Ethics Act. This advisory is limited to addressing your questions with respect to the
three particular Members of the Planning Commission who have authorized your
inquiry, referred to herein as the "Planning Commission Members."
You are advised that in order to be a "public employee" subject to the Ethics Act,
an individual must stand in an employer - employee relationship with the Commonwealth
or a political subdivision of the Commonwealth. Eiben, Opinion 04 -002; Ver Ellen,
Opinion 03 -005. Based upon the submitted facts, the Planning Commission Members
Kerstetter, 08 -559
May 30, 2008
Page 4
are not employees of the Planning Commission. Therefore, the Planning Commission
Members would not be considered "public employees" as that term is defined in the
Ethics Act.
In considering whether the Planning Commission Members would be considered
"public officials" subject to the requirements for filing SFIs pursuant to the Ethics Act, it
is noted that the Ethics Act defines the term "public official" as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Public official." Any person elected by the public or
elected or appointed by a governmental body or an
appointed official in the executive, legislative or judicial
branch of this Commonwealth or any political subdivision
thereof, provided that it shall not include members of
advisory boards that have no authority to expend public
funds other than reimbursement for personal expense or to
otherwise exercise the power of the State or any political
subdivision thereof.
65 Pa. C. S. § 1102.
The regulations of the State Ethics Commission define the term "public official"
and set forth the following additional criteria that are used to determine whether the
advisory board exception applies:
(i) The following criteria will be used to determine if
the exception in this paragraph is applicable:
(A) The body will be deemed to have the power to
expend public funds if the body may commit funds or may
otherwise make payment of monies, enter into contracts,
invest funds held in reserves, make loans or grants, borrow
money, issue bonds, employ staff, purchase, lease, acquire
or sell real or personal property without the consent or
approval of the governing body and the effect of the power to
expend public funds has a greater than de minimis economic
impact on the interest of a person.
(B) The body will be deemed to have the authority to
otherwise exercise the power of the Commonwealth or a
political subdivision if one of the following exists:
(1) The body makes binding decisions or orders
adjudicating substantive issues which are appealable to a
body or person other than the governing authority.
(II) The body exercises a basic power of
government and performs essential governmental functions.
(III) The governing authority is bound by statute or
ordinance to accept and enforce the rulings of the body.
(IV) The body may compel the governing authority to
act in accordance with the body's decisions or restrain the
governing authority from acting contrary to the body's
decisions.
Kerstetter, 08 -559
May 30, 2008
Page 5
(V) The body makes independent decisions which
are effective without approval of the governing authority.
(VI) The body may adopt, amend and repeal
resolutions, rules, regulations or ordinances.
(VII) The body has the power of eminent domain or
condemnation.
(VIII)The enabling legislation of the body indicates
that the body is established for exercising public powers of
the Commonwealth or a political subdivision.
(ii) The term does not include judges and inspectors
of elections, notary publics and political party officers.
(iii) The term generally includes persons in the
following offices:
(A) Incumbents of offices filled by nomination of the
Governor and confirmation of the Senate.
(B) Heads of executive, legislative and independent
agencies, boards and commissions.
(C) Members of agencies, boards and commissions
appointed by the General Assembly or its officers.
(D) Persons appointed to positions designated as
officers by the Commonwealth or its political subdivisions.
(E) Members of municipal, industrial development,
housing, parking and similar authorities.
(F) Members of zoning hearing boards and similar
quasi - judicial bodies.
(G) Members of the public bodies meeting the
criteria in paragraph (i)(A).
51 Pa. Code § 11.1.
The following terms are relevant to your inquiry and are defined in the Ethics Act
as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Governmental body." Any department, authority,
commission, committee, council, board, bureau, division,
service, office, officer, administration, legislative body or
other establishment in the executive, legislative or judicial
branch of a state, a nation or a political subdivision thereof or
any agency performing a governmental function.
"Political subdivision." Any county, city, borough,
incorporated town, township, school district, vocational
school, county institution district, and any authority, entity or
body organized by the aforementioned.
Kerstetter, 08 -559
May 30, 2008
Page 6
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
In applying the Ethics Act's definition of the term "public official," the first portion
of the definition provides that a public official is a "person' (defined to include, inter alia,
an individual, corporation or firm) which is: (1) elected by the public; (2) elected or
appointed by a governmental body; or (3) an appointed official in the executive,
legislative or judicial branch of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or a political
subdivision of the Commonwealth. Muscalus, Opinion 02 -007. When the first portion of
the definition is met, status as a public official subject to the Ethics Act is established,
unless the exclusion for members of purely advisory boards is applicable. Eiben,
Opinion 04 -002.
The analysis of whether a given individual is a public official subject to the Ethics
Act necessarily focuses upon the office itself and not on the individual incumbent in the
position, the variable functions of the position, or the manner in which a particular
individual occupying a position may carry out those functions. See, Phillips v. State
Ethics Commission, 470 A.2d 659 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1984); Muller, Order No. 047 -S; Reese,
Order No. 048 -S.
In the instant matter, the necessary conclusion is that the Planning Commission
Members are "public officials" subject to the requirements for filing Statements of
Financial Interests pursuant to the Ethics Act. See, Stokes, Advice 06 -595. The
Planning Commission would not be considered a purely advisory body because the
Township Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance provides that the Planning
Commission may approve or disapprove preliminary subdivision and land development
plans. In approving or disapproving preliminary plans, the Planning Commission has the
g power to make independent decisions that are effective without approval of the
overning authority. See, 51 Pa. Code § 11.1 (definition of "public official") (i)(B)(V).
Such authority clearly meets the definition and the criteria by which status as a "public
official" is determined. Therefore, the Planning Commission Members are considered
"public officials" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission, and they are required to file Statements of Financial Interests pursuant to
the Ethics Act.
Conclusion: Based upon the submitted fact that the Ralpho Township Planning
Commission ( "Planning Commission ") has the authority to approve or disapprove
preliminary subdivision and land development plans, the Planning Commission
Members on whose behalf you have inquired are considered "public officials" subject to
the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq.,
and the Regulations of the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission. Accordingly, each
of the Planning Commission Members must file a Statement of Financial Interests each
year in which the position is held and the year following termination of such service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense
in any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Kerstetter, 08 -559
May 30, 2008
Page 7
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel