HomeMy WebLinkAbout08-520 MCCLURELamont G. McClure, Jr.
4110 Scherman Blvd.
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Dear Mr. McClure:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
February 26, 2008
08 -520
This responds to your faxed transmission received January 25, 2008, by which
you requested an advisory from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., would impose any prohibitions or restrictions upon a member of
a county council with regard to participating as a member of the county's retirement
board in matters pertaining to the county retirement system, where his spouse is
employed as an assistant district attorney with the county and is a participant in the
county retirement system.
Facts: As a Member of the Northampton County Council ( "County Council "),
which is the governing body of Northampton County ( "County "), you request an advisory
from the Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission based upon the following submitted
facts.
The Northampton County Retirement System ( "Retirement System ") is
administered by the Northampton County Retirement Board ( "County Retirement
Board "). Pursuant to the Northampton County Administrative Code, the County
Retirement Board is comprised of seven members, including two Members of County
Council. Members of the County Retirement Board have voting privileges relative to
matters considered by said Board.
Your spouse is employed as an Assistant District Attorney with the County. You
state that your spouse currently pays into the Retirement System and presumably will
receive benefits after vesting and retirement.
You have been asked by the President of County Council to serve on the County
Retirement Board.
You ask whether it would be a conflict of interest for you to consider and vote on
matters before the County Retirement Board due to your wife's participation in the
Retirement System.
McClure, 08 -520
February 25, 2008
Page 2
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As a Member of County Council, you are a public official subject to the provisions
of the Ethics Act.
Sections 1103(a) and 1103(j) of the Ethics Act provide:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(a) Conflict of interest. - -No public official or public
employee shall engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict
of interest.
(j) Voting conflict. - -Where voting conflicts are not
otherwise addressed by the Constitution of Pennsylvania or
by any law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance, the following
procedure shall be employed. Any public official or public
employee who in the discharge of his official duties would be
required to vote on a matter that would result in a conflict of
interest shall abstain from voting and, prior to the vote being
taken, publicly announce and disclose the nature of his
interest as a public record in a written memorandum filed
with the person responsible for recording the minutes of the
meeting at which the vote is taken, provided that whenever a
governing body would be unable to take any action on a
matter before it because the number of members of the body
required to abstain from voting under the provisions of this
section makes the majority or other legally required vote of
approval unattainable, then such members shall be
permitted to vote if disclosures are made as otherwise
provided herein. In the case of a three - member governing
body of a political subdivision, where one member has
abstained from voting as a result of a conflict of interest and
the remaining two members of the governing body have cast
opposing votes, the member who has abstained shall be
permitted to vote to break the tie vote if disclosure is made
as otherwise provided herein.
65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1103(a), (j).
The following terms are defined in the Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Conflict" or "conflict of interest." Use by a public
official or public employee of the authority of his office or
employment or any confidential information received through
his holding public office or employment for the private
pecuniary benefit of himself, a member of his immediate
family or a business with which he or a member of his
immediate family is associated. The term does not include
McClure, 08 -520
February 25, 2008
Page 3
an action having a de minimis economic impact or which
affects to the same degree a class consisting of the general
public or a subclass consisting of an industry, occupation or
other group which includes the public official or public
employee, a member of his immediate family or a business
with which he or a member of his immediate family is
associated.
"Authority of office or employment." The actual
power provided by law, the exercise of which is necessary to
the performance of duties and responsibilities unique to a
particular public office or position of public employment.
"Immediate family." A parent, spouse, child, brother
or sister.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, a public official /public employee is
prohibited from using the authority of public office /employment or confidential
information received by holding such a public position for the private pecuniary benefit
of the public official /public employee himself, any member of his immediate family, or a
business with which he or a member of his immediate family is associated.
The above statutory definition of "conflict" or "conflict of interest" contains two
exclusions, referred to herein as the "de minimis" exclusion and the "class /subclass
exclusion."
The de minimis exclusion precludes a finding of conflict of interest as to an action
having a de minimis (insignificant) economic impact. Thus, when a matter that would
otherwise constitute a conflict of interest under the Ethics Act would have an
insignificant economic impact, a conflict would not exist and Section 1103(a) of the
Ethics Act would not be implicated. See, Kolb, Order 1322; Schweinsburq, Order 900.
In order for the class /subclass exclusion to apply, two criteria must be met: (1)
the affected public official /public employee, immediate family member, or business with
which the public official /public employee or immediate family member is associated
must be a member of a class consisting of the general public or a true subclass
consisting of more than one member; and (2) the public official /public employee,
immediate family member, or business with which the public official /public employee or
immediate family member is associated must be affected "to the same degree" (in no
way differently) than the other members of the class /subclass. 65 Pa.C.S. § 1102; see,
Kablack, Opinion 02 -003; Graham, Opinion 95 -002 (citing Van Rensler, Opinion 90-
017); Rubenstein, Opinion 01 -007. The first criterion of the exclusion is satisfied where
the members of the proposed subclass are similarly situated as the result of relevant
shared characteristics. The second criterion of the exclusion is satisfied where the
individual /business in question and the other members of the class /subclass are
reasonably affected to the same degree by the proposed action. Kablack, supra.
In each instance of a voting conflict, Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act requires the
public official /public employee to abstain and to publicly disclose the abstention and
reasons for same, both orally and by filing a written memorandum to that effect with the
person recording the minutes. In the event that the required abstention results in the
inability of the governmental body to take action because a majority is unattainable due
to the abstention(s) from conflict under the Ethics Act, then voting is permissible
provided the disclosure requirements noted above are followed. See, Pavlovic, Opinion
02 -005.
McClure, 08 -520
February 25, 2008
Page 4
In applying the above provisions of the Ethics Act to the instant matter, you are
advised that our spouse is a member of your "immediate family" as that term is defined
in the Ethics Act. Therefore, pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, as a County
Council Member /County Retirement Board Member, you would generally have a conflict
of interest in matters that would financially impact you, your spouse, or a business with
which you or your spouse is associated. In each instance of a conflict of interest, you
would be required to abstain fully from participation. The abstention requirement would
not be limited to voting, but rather, would extend to any use of authority of office. In the
event of a voting conflict, you would be required to abstain fully and to satisfy the
disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
Turning to your specific inquiry, you are advised that pursuant to Section 1103(a)
of the Ethics Act, as a County Retirement Board Member, you would have a conflict of
interest with regard to considering or voting on matters before the County Retirement
Board that would financially impact your spouse, unless the de minimis exclusion or the
class /subclass exclusion as set forth in the statutory definition of "conflict" or "conflict of
interest" would be applicable. As noted above, in each instance of a conflict of interest,
you would be required to abstain fully from participation and, with respect to voting
conflicts, to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the Ethics
Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the applicability of the Northampton County
Home Rule Charter.
Conclusion: As a Member of the Northampton County Council ( "County
Council "), you are a "public official" subject to the provisions of the Public Official and
Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Your spouse, who is
employed by Northampton County ( "County ") as an Assistant District Attorney and who
participates in the Northampton County Retirement System ( "Retirement System "), is a
member of your "immediate family" as that term is defined in the Ethics Act. Based
upon the submitted fact that the President of County Council has asked you to serve on
the Northampton County Retirement Board ( "Retirement Board "), you are advised as
follows. Pursuant to Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act, as a County Council
Member /County Retirement Board Member, you would generally have a conflict of
interest in matters that would financially impact you, your spouse, or a business with
which you or your spouse is associated. As a County Retirement Board Member, you
would have a conflict of interest under Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act with regard to
considering or voting on matters before the County Retirement Board that would
financially impact your spouse, unless the de minimis exclusion or the class /subclass
exclusion as set forth in the statutory definition of "conflict" or "conflict of interest" would
be applicable. In each instance of a conflict of interest, you would be required to
abstain fully from participation and, with respect to voting conflicts, to satisfy the
disclosure requirements of Section 1103(j) of the Ethics Act.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11), an Advice is a complete defense in any
enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
McClure, 08 -520
February 25, 2008
Page 5
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel