HomeMy WebLinkAbout07-567 MartzJoseph S. Martz
3213 West Coulter Street
Philadelphia, PA 19129
Dear Mr. Martz:
ADVICE OF COUNSEL
August 10, 2007
07 -567
This responds to your letter of July 11, 2007, by which you requested advice from
the State Ethics Commission.
Issue: Whether the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act ( "Ethics Act "), 65
Pa. .S. § 1101 et seq., would present any restrictions upon employment of the
Secretary of Administration for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania following
termination of Commonwealth service.
Facts: At the time you submitted your inquiry, you were serving as the Secretary
of Administration for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. You stated that you would be
resigning from your position effective July 13, 2007.
The Secretary of Administration is a Member of the Governor's Cabinet. The
Secretary of Administration serves as the head the Governor's Office of Administration
("OA "). OA is under the direct supervision of the Secretary of Administration. The
Secretary of Administration reports to the Governor.
You state that OA was established within the Governor's Office in 1955. OA
provides policy direction and administrative support to all agencies under the
Governor's jurisdiction. You describe OA as an agency that has responsibility for the
managerial functions that the Governor is expected to perform. You state that OA is
the non - financial operating arm of state government." Specific functions of OA include
information technology, labor relations and human resource management, and
management consulting. OA also directs equal employment opportunity efforts within all
state agencies and provides direct administrative support services to other
organizations in the Governor's Executive Office. You have submitted an organizational
chart for OA, which is incorporated herein by reference.
It is administratively noted that the Secretary of Administration is a member of the
Governor's Office Executive Staff. The Secretary of Administration serves on numerous
boards /committees /councils, including: the Enterprise Information Technology Board, 4
Pa. Code § 6.243; the Commonwealth Continuity of Government Steering Committee, 4
Pa. Code § 6.52; the Governor's Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness
Executive Cabinet, 4 Pa. Code § 6.44; the Pennsylvania Council for Sexual Minorities, 4
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August 10, 2007
Page 2
Pa. Code § 5.92; and the Management and Productivity Improvement Council, 4 Pa.
Code § 1.494. Additionally, the Secretary of Administration serves as Secretary of the
Executive Board, 4 Pa. Code § 39.31.
You seek advice as to whether, following termination of Commonwealth service,
the Ethics Act would impose any restrictions upon you with regard to communicating
with the Governor's Office, the Governor's Cabinet, and various other officials of the
Commonwealth.
Discussion: It is initially noted that pursuant to Sections 1107(10) and 1107(11) of
the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11), advisories are issued to the requester
based upon the facts that the requester has submitted. In issuing the advisory based
upon the facts that the requester has submitted, the Commission does not engage in an
independent investigation of the facts, nor does it speculate as to facts that have not
been submitted. It is the burden of the requester to truthfully disclose all of the material
facts relevant to the inquiry. 65 Pa.C.S. §§ 1107(10), (11). An advisory only affords a
defense to the extent the requester has truthfully disclosed all of the material facts.
As the Secretary of Administration for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, you
would be considered a public official /public employee and an "executive -level State
employee" subject to the Ethics Act and the Regulations of the State Ethics
Commission. See, 65 Pa C.S. § 1102; 51 Pa. Code § 11.1.
Consequently, upon termination of public service, you would become a former
public official /public employee and a former executive -level State employee subject to
the restrictions of Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the Ethics Act.
Section 1103(i) restricts former executive -level State employees as follows:
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(i) Former executive -level employee. - -No former
executive -level State employee may for a period of two
years from the time that he terminates employment with this
Commonwealth be employed by, receive compensation
from, assist or act in a representative capacity for a business
or corporation that he actively participated in recruiting to this
Commonwealth or that he actively participated in inducing to
open a new plant, facility or branch in this Commonwealth or
that he actively participated in inducing to expand an existent
plant or facility within this Commonwealth, provided that the
above prohibition shall be invoked only when the recruitment
or inducement is accomplished by a grant or loan of money
or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth to the business or corporation recruited or
induced to expand.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(i).
Section 1103(i) restricts the ability of a former executive -level State employee to
accept employment or otherwise engage in business relationships following termination
of State service, under certain narrow conditions. The restrictions of Section 1103(i)
apply even where the business relationship is indirect, such as where the business in
question is a client of a new employer, rather than the new employer itself. See,
Confidential Opinion, 94 -011. However, Section 1103(i) would not restrict you from
being employed by, receiving compensation from, assisting, or acting in a
representative capacity for a business or corporation provided and conditioned upon the
assumptions that you did not actively participate in recruiting the business or
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August 10, 2007
Page 3
corporation to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in inducing the
business or corporation to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in Pennsylvania,
through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Unlike Section 1103(i), Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act does not prohibit a
former public official /public employee from accepting a position of employment.
However, it does restrict the former public official /public employee with regard to
"representing" a "person" before the governmental body with which he has been
associated ":
§ 1103. Restricted activities
(g) Former official or employee. - -No former public
official or public employee shall represent a person, with
promised or actual compensation, on any matter before the
governmental body with which he has been associated for
one year after he leaves that body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1103(g) (Emphasis added).
The terms "represent," "person," and "governmental body with which a public
official or public employee is or has been associated" are specifically defined in the
Ethics Act as follows:
§ 1102. Definitions
"Represent." To act on behalf of any other person in
any activity which includes, but is not limited to, the
following: personal appearances, negotiations, lobbying and
submitting bid or contract proposals which are signed by or
contain the name of a former public official or public
employee.
"Person." A business, governmental body,
individual, corporation, union, association, firm, partnership,
committee, club or other organization or group of persons.
"Governmental body with which a public official
or public employee is or has been associated." The
governmental body within State government or a political
subdivision by which the public official or employee is or has
been employed or to which the public official or employee is
or has been appointed or elected and subdivisions and
offices within that governmental body.
65 Pa.C.S. § 1102.
The term "Person" is very broadly defined. It includes, inter alia, corporations and
other businesses. It also includes the former public employee himself, Confidential
Opinion, 93 -005, as well as a new governmental employer. Ledebur, Opinion 95 -007.
The term "representation" is also broadly defined to prohibit acting on behalf of
any person in any activity. Examples of prohibited representation include: (1) personal
appearances before the former governmental body or bodies; (2) attempts to influence;
(3) submission of bid or contract proposals which are signed by or contain the name of
the former public official /public employee; (4) participating in any matters before the
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August 10, 2007
Page 4
former governmental body as to acting on behalf of a person; and (5) lobbying.
Popovich, Opinion 89 -005.
Listing one's name as the person who will provide technical assistance on a
proposal, document, or bid, if submitted to or reviewed by the former governmental
body, constitutes an attempt to influence the former governmental body. Section
1103(g) also generally prohibits the inclusion of the name of a former public
official /public employee on invoices submitted by his new employer to the former
governmental body, even though the invoices pertain to a contract that existed prior to
termination of public service, Shay, Opinion 91 -012. However, if such a pre - existing
contract does not involve the unit where the former public employee worked, the name
of the former public employee may appear on routine invoices if required by the
regulations of the agency to which the billing is being submitted. Abrams/Webster,
Opinion 95 -011.
A former public official /public employee may assist in the preparation of any
documents presented to his former governmental body. However, the former ublic
official /public employee may not be identified on documents submitted to the former
governmental body. The former public official /public employee may also counsel any
person regarding that person's appearance before his former governmental body. Once
again, however, the activity in this respect should not be revealed to the former
governmental body. The Ethics Act would not prohibit or preclude making general
informational inquiries to the former governmental body to secure information which is
available to the general public, but this must not be done in an effort to indirectly
influence the former governmental body or to otherwise make known to that body the
representation of, or work for the new employer.
Section 1103(g) only restricts the former public official /public employee with
regard to representation before his former governmental body. The former public
official /public employee is not restricted as to representation before other agencies or
entities. However, the "governmental body with which a public official /public employee
is or has been associated" is not limited to the particular subdivision of the agency or
other governmental body where the public official /public employee had influence or
control but extends to the entire body. See, Legislative Journal of House, 1989
Session, No. 15 at 290, 291; Sirolli, Opinion 90 -006; Sharp, Opinion 90- 009 -R.
The governmental bodies with which you would be deemed to have been
associated upon termination of public service, hereinafter collectively referred to as your
"former governmental body," would be: the Governor's Cabinet, the Governor's Office in
its entirety, OA in its entirety, and all commissions, committees, councils, and boards on
which you served, including but not limited to those specifically identified herein.
Therefore, for the first year following termination of your service with the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict
"representation" of "persons" before your "former governmental body" as delineated
above.
Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would not prohibit you from socializing with
former colleagues as long as in so doing, you would not engage in conduct that would
constitute prohibited representation in contravention of Section 1103(g). Conti, Opinion
07 -007.
Based upon the facts that have been submitted, this Advice has addressed the
applicability of Sections 1103(g) and 1103(i) of the Ethics Act only. It is expressly
assumed that there has been no use of authority of office for a private pecuniary benefit
as prohibited by Section 1103(a) of the Ethics Act. Further, you are advised that
Sections 1103(b) and 1103(c) of the Ethics Act provide in part that no person shall offer
to a public official /public employee and no public official /public employee shall solicit or
accept anything of monetary value based upon the understanding that the vote, official
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August 10, 2007
Page 5
action, or judgment of the public official /public employee would be influenced thereby.
Reference is made to these provisions of the law not to imply that there has been or will
be any transgression thereof but merely to provide a complete response to the question
presented.
Lastly, the propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act; the applicability of any other statute, code, ordinance, regulation or other
code of conduct other than the Ethics Act has not been considered in that they do not
involve an interpretation of the Ethics Act. Specifically not addressed herein is the
applicability of the Governor's Code of Conduct.
Conclusion: Upon termination of service as the Secretary of Administration for the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, you would become a former public official /public
employee and a former executive -level State employee subject to the restrictions of
Section 1103(g) and Section 1103(i) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act
( "Ethics Act "), 65 Pa.C.S. § 1101 et seq. Under Section 1103(i) of the Ethics Act, you
would not be prohibited from being employed by, receiving compensation from,
assisting, or acting in a representative capacity for a business or corporation based
upon the assumptions that you did not actively participate in recruiting the business or
corporation to Pennsylvania, and that you did not actively participate in inducing the
business or corporation to open or expand a plant, facility, or branch in Pennsylvania
through a grant or loan of money or a promise of a grant or loan of money from the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The restrictions of Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act
as outlined above must be followed. The governmental bodies with which you would be
deemed to have been associated upon termination of public service, hereinafter
collectively referred to as your "former governmental body,' would be: the Governor's
Cabinet, the Governor's Office in its entirety, OA in its entirety, and all commissions,
committees, councils, and boards on which you served, including but not limited to
those specifically identified within this advisory. Therefore, for the first year following
termination of service as the Secretary of Administration for the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, Section 1103(g) of the Ethics Act would apply and restrict
"representation" of "persons" before your "former governmental body' as delineated
above. The propriety of the proposed conduct has only been addressed under the
Ethics Act.
Further, to the extent service has been terminated, as outlined above, the Ethics
Act would require that a Statement of Financial Interests be filed by no later than May 1
of the year after termination of service.
Pursuant to Section 1107(11) of the Ethics Act, an Advice is a complete defense in
any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Commission, and evidence of good faith
conduct in any other civil or criminal proceeding, provided the requester has disclosed
truthfully all the material facts and committed the acts complained of in reliance on the
Advice given.
This letter is a public record and will be made available as such.
Finally, if you disagree with this Advice or if you have any
reason to challenge same, you may appeal the Advice to the full
Commission. A personal appearance before the Commission will be
scheduled and a formal Opinion will be issued by the Commission.
Any such appeal must be in writing and must be actually
received at the Commission within thirty (30) days of the date of this
Advice pursuant to 51 Pa. Code § 13.2(h). The appeal may be
received at the Commission by hand delivery, United States mail,
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August 10, 2007
Page 6
delivery service, or by FAX transmission (717 - 787 - 0806). Failure to
file such an appeal at the Commission within thirty (30) days may
result in the dismissal of the appeal.
Sincerely,
Robin M. Hittie
Chief Counsel